Hybrid Mono- and Bi-static OFDM-ISAC via BS-UE Cooperation: Closed-Form CRLB and Coverage Analysis

TL;DR

This paper introduces a hybrid mono- and bi-static OFDM-ISAC framework leveraging BS-UE cooperation, deriving fundamental performance bounds, and analyzing coverage and accuracy improvements without extra spectrum costs.

Contribution

It presents a novel hybrid sensing scheme based on existing 3GPP modes, with closed-form CRLB derivations and coverage analysis, enhancing sensing performance in ISAC systems.

Findings

Significant performance gains over mono- or bi-static sensing in favorable geometries.

Sensing coverage varies with UE position, improving then degrading with increased BS-UE distance.

Derived sensing accuracy as a function of UE density and target location.

Abstract

This paper proposes a hybrid mono- and bi-static sensing framework, by leveraging the base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) cooperation in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. This scheme is built on 3GPP-supported sensing modes, and it does not incur any extra spectrum cost or inter-cell coordination. To reveal the fundamental performance limit of the proposed hybrid sensing mode, we derive closed-form Cram\'{e}r-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for sensing target localization and velocity estimation, as functions of target and UE positions. The results reveal that significant performance gains can be achieved over the purely mono- or bi-static sensing, especially when the BS-target-UE form a favorable geometry, which is close to a right triangle. The analytical results are validated by simulations using effective parameter estimation algorithm and weighted mean square error (MSE) fusion method. Based on the derived sensing bound, we further analyze the sensing coverage by varying the UE positions, which shows that sensing coverage first improves then degrades as the BS-UE separation increases. Furthermore, the sensing accuracy for a potential target with best UE selection is derived as a function of the UE density in the network.