Effect of Niobium Doping on the Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of TiFe: Combined Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Study

TL;DR

This study investigates how niobium doping affects the crystal structure and hydrogen storage capabilities of TiFe alloys, using synchrotron X-ray techniques to understand structural changes and improve hydrogen sorption performance.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of Nb-doping effects on TiFe alloys' structure and hydrogen sorption, combining experimental synthesis with advanced synchrotron characterization.

Findings

Nb-doping enhances hydrogen sorption kinetics and activation.

Structural analysis shows Nb occupancy in secondary Ti phases.

Hydrogen storage capacity remains unaffected by Nb doping.

Abstract

TiFe alloys are attractive compounds for solid-state stationary hydrogen storage. They can absorb hydrogen gas reversibly at near ambient temperatures and practical pressures with high volumetric capacities surpassing that of cryogenically liquified H2. The main drawback of TiFe-based storage systems is a costly activation procedure required due to the formation of oxide surface layer, which hinders hydrogen diffusion into the bulk. Doping the alloy with various additives is known to improve hydrogen diffusion softening the conditions of the activation procedure. Hydrogen sorption properties of the modified alloys have been the focus of most studies whereas less attention has been dedicated to the fundamental understanding of the effects of hydrogen sorption on the alloys' structure. The latter, however, is an important information in the knowledge-guided design of novel materials. In this work, we investigated effects of Nb-doping on crystallographic structure of TiFe metal-alloy compounds and their hydrogen sorption properties. TiFe samples with two different Nb stoichiometries were synthesized using arc-melting (AM) and characterised with synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. Overall, H2 absorption measurements (at 50 +/- 2 degrees C and 40 +/- 2 bar), have shown that doping of TiFe with Nb can improve matrix activation and kinetics of hydrogen sorption without compromising the overall storage capacities. Refinement of SR-PXRD and EXAFS data showed significant Nb occupancy in secondary Ti phases, which improved the hydrogenation properties of the alloys.