Asymptotically good CSS codes that realize the logical transversal Clifford group fault-tolerantly

TL;DR

This paper develops a framework for constructing asymptotically good CSS codes that enable fault-tolerant logical transversal Clifford gates, advancing quantum error correction capabilities.

Contribution

It introduces a new framework for CSS codes supporting fault-tolerant transversal Clifford gates and characterizes CSS-T codes with logical transversal T gates.

Findings

Constructed asymptotically good CSS codes with fault-tolerant transversal Clifford gates.

Demonstrated CSS-T codes where transversal T realizes logical S†.

Revised conditions for CSS-T codes with logical T gates.

Abstract

This paper introduces a framework for constructing Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes that support fault-tolerant logical transversal $Z$-rotations. Using this framework, we obtain asymptotically good CSS codes that fault-tolerantly realize the logical transversal Clifford group (i.e., transversal single-qubit Clifford gates are realized within a single code block, while transversal two-qubit Clifford gates are realized across two identical code blocks). Furthermore, investigating CSS-T codes, we: (a) demonstrate asymptotically good CSS-T codes wherein the transversal $T$ realizes the logical transversal $S^{\dagger}$; (b) show that the condition $C_2 \ast C_1 \subseteq C_1^{\perp}$ is necessary but not sufficient for CSS-T codes; and (c) revise the characterizations of CSS-T codes wherein the transversal $T$ implements the logical identity and the logical transversal $T$, respectively.