Neural Architecture for Fast and Reliable Coagulation Assessment in Clinical Settings: Leveraging Thromboelastography

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel AI algorithm, PSR, that enables rapid, reliable coagulation assessment from minimal data, significantly improving prediction accuracy and speed over existing methods in clinical settings.

Contribution

The paper presents PSR, a new algorithm that leverages dynamic patient data and multi-domain learning to enhance coagulation prediction accuracy with small datasets.

Findings

R2 > 0.98 for coagulation traits

Error reduced by half compared to state-of-the-art

Inference time halved

Abstract

In an ideal medical environment, real-time coagulation monitoring can enable early detection and prompt remediation of risks. However, traditional Thromboelastography (TEG), a widely employed diagnostic modality, can only provide such outputs after nearly 1 hour of measurement. The delay might lead to elevated mortality rates. These issues clearly point out one of the key challenges for medical AI development: Mak-ing reasonable predictions based on very small data sets and accounting for variation between different patient populations, a task where conventional deep learning methods typically perform poorly. We present Physiological State Reconstruc-tion (PSR), a new algorithm specifically designed to take ad-vantage of dynamic changes between individuals and to max-imize useful information produced by small amounts of clini-cal data through mapping to reliable predictions and diagnosis. We develop MDFE to facilitate integration of varied temporal signals using multi-domain learning, and jointly learn high-level temporal interactions together with attentions via HLA; furthermore, the parameterized DAM we designed maintains the stability of the computed vital signs. PSR evaluates with 4 TEG-specialized data sets and establishes remarkable perfor-mance -- predictions of R2 > 0.98 for coagulation traits and error reduction around half compared to the state-of-the-art methods, and halving the inferencing time too. Drift-aware learning suggests a new future, with potential uses well be-yond thrombophilia discovery towards medical AI applica-tions with data scarcity.