Probing the microscopic origin of prompt and non-prompt $D^{0}$ production through event-shape engineering in proton-proton collisions at the LHC

TL;DR

This paper investigates the microscopic processes behind prompt and non-prompt $D^{0}$ meson production in proton-proton collisions at 13.6 TeV, using event-shape engineering and PYTHIA8 simulations to explore the roles of MPI, color reconnection, and event topology.

Contribution

It provides a systematic study of the effects of transverse momentum transfer, MPI, and color reconnection on $D^{0}$ meson production and event topology in high-energy proton-proton collisions.

Findings

MPI and color reconnection significantly influence $D^{0}$ production.

Event topology varies with $D^{0}$ meson and charged particle multiplicity.

Qualitative agreement with experimental trends observed.

Abstract

Heavy-flavour hadrons are produced in the early stages of ultra-relativistic collisions at the LHC via hard partonic interactions and experience the whole system evolution. The study of prompt and non-prompt $D^{0}$ mesons provides an independent avenue to test the theories of quantum chromodynamics and to investigate beauty hadron production. Moreover, the production of both prompt and non-prompt $D^{0}$ is influenced by microscopic processes such as multi-partonic interactions (MPI) and hadronisation through fragmentation. In this study, an attempt is made to understand the production of prompt and non-prompt $D^{0}$ mesons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV using the PYTHIA8 event generator, which offers a qualitative description of charm production. The role of the transverse momentum transfer in the hardest partonic scattering ($\hat{p}_{\rm T}$), MPI, and color reconnection is systematically explored. In addition, the charged particle production in different topological regions with respect to the leading $D^{0}$ meson is studied to assess the influence of the $D^{0}$ meson on the event topology and to examine the selection biases arising from the use of charged particle multiplicity as an event classifier.