Semilinear single-track vehicle models with distributed tyre friction dynamics

TL;DR

This paper presents a new semilinear PDE-based single-track vehicle model that captures transient tyre dynamics and nonlinear friction effects, improving the physical realism and analytical tractability of vehicle lateral dynamics modeling.

Contribution

It introduces the distributed FrBD model that unifies classical tyre friction models within a PDE framework and integrates it into a vehicle model with proven well-posedness and linearization capabilities.

Findings

Model captures micro-shimmy oscillations.

Demonstrates transient lateral responses to steering maneuvers.

Provides a mathematically rigorous approach to tyre dynamics.

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel family of single-track vehicle models that incorporate a distributed representation of transient tyre dynamics, whilst simultaneously accounting for nonlinear effects induced by friction. The core of the proposed framework is represented by the distributed Friction with Bristle Dynamics (FrBD) model, which unifies and extends classical formulations such as Dahl and LuGre by describing the rolling contact process as a spatially distributed system governed by semilinear partial differential equations (PDEs). This model is systematically integrated into a single-track vehicle framework, where the resulting semilinear ODE-PDE interconnection captures the interaction between lateral vehicle motion and tyre deformation. Two main variants are considered: one with rigid tyre carcass and another with flexible carcass, each admitting a compact state-space representation. Local and global well-posedness properties for the coupled system are established rigorously, highlighting the dissipative and physically consistent properties of the distributed FrBD model. A linearisation procedure is also presented, enabling spectral analysis and transfer function derivation, and potentially facilitating the synthesis of controllers and observers. Numerical simulations demonstrate the model's capability to capture micro-shimmy oscillations and transient lateral responses to advanced steering manoeuvres. The proposed formulation advances the state-of-the-art in vehicle dynamics modelling by providing a physically grounded, mathematically rigorous, and computationally tractable approach to incorporating transient tyre behaviour in lateral vehicle dynamics, when accounting for the effect of limited friction.