How Generative AI Empowers Attackers and Defenders Across the Trust & Safety Landscape

TL;DR

Generative AI significantly amplifies both attack and defense capabilities in Trust & Safety, enabling faster, larger-scale harmful content creation and innovative mitigation strategies, as explored through expert insights.

Contribution

This study provides a qualitative analysis of how GenAI empowers attackers and defenders, offering a strategic framework for its responsible application in online safety.

Findings

GenAI increases attack scale and speed, lowering entry barriers.

Defenders plan to use GenAI for detection, investigation, and user support.

GenAI's dual role creates a complex landscape for Trust & Safety efforts.

Abstract

Generative AI (GenAI) is a powerful technology poised to reshape Trust & Safety. While misuse by attackers is a growing concern, its defensive capacity remains underexplored. This paper examines these effects through a qualitative study with 43 Trust & Safety experts across five domains: child safety, election integrity, hate and harassment, scams, and violent extremism. Our findings characterize a landscape in which GenAI empowers both attackers and defenders. GenAI dramatically increases the scale and speed of attacks, lowering the barrier to entry for creating harmful content, including sophisticated propaganda and deepfakes. Conversely, defenders envision leveraging GenAI to detect and mitigate harmful content at scale, conduct investigations, deploy persuasive counternarratives, improve moderator wellbeing, and offer user support. This work provides a strategic framework for understanding GenAI's impact on Trust & Safety and charts a path for its responsible use in creating safer online environments.