Analysis of Solar Flare and Sunspots on 4th Jan 2025 and Their Effects on Space Weather

TL;DR

This paper analyzes solar flare and sunspot activity on January 4, 2025, using multiple satellite data sources and the SunPy library to improve understanding and prediction of space weather events.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis methodology combining diverse datasets and SunPy to identify precursors of solar eruptions, advancing space weather forecasting capabilities.

Findings

Identified key magnetic precursors to the X1.8-class flare.

Tracked CME dynamics and shock wave propagation.

Enhanced understanding of active region evolution prior to eruptions.

Abstract

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are among the most energetic phenomena in the solar system, often impacting space weather and terrestrial technologies. In this study, we utilize SunPy, an open-source Python library for solar physics, to analyze solar active regions and their correlation with flare and CME events observed on 4th January 2025. Data from GOES, SDO (AIA and HMI), Solar Oribter (STIX), e-CALLISTO, Aditya L1 (SUIT), and SOHO are processed to track flare intensity, active region evolution, shock wave and CME dynamics. The analyzed flare is identified as an X1.8-class event, and our study highlights key magnetic precursors that led to it. This work enhances understanding of solar eruption precursors and supports future predictive models for space weather forecasting.