Online Ramsey numbers of the claw versus cycles

TL;DR

This paper determines the exact online Ramsey number for the claw versus long cycles, showing it equals .5 times the cycle length plus a constant for all sufficiently long cycles.

Contribution

It provides the first exact formula for .5 times the cycle length plus a constant for the online Ramsey number involving a claw and cycles.

Findings

Exact value of .5 times cycle length plus a constant for .5 .5 long cycles.

Established the formula .5(.5 + 1) for all .5 .5 long cycles.

Advances understanding of online Ramsey numbers for specific graph pairs.

Abstract

The online Ramsey number $\tilde r(G,H)$ is defined via a Builder--Painter game on an empty graph with countably many vertices. In each round, Builder reveals an edge, which Painter immediately colors either red or blue. Builder wins once a red copy of $G$ or a blue copy of $H$ appears, and $\tilde r(G,H)$ is the minimum number of edges Builder must reveal to force a win. For a long cycle $C_\ell$, the online Ramsey numbers $\tilde r(G,C_\ell)$ are known only for a few specific choices of $G$. In particular, exact values were determined for $G=P_3$ by Cyman, Dzido, Lapinskas, and Lo (Electron. J. Combin., 2015), while asymptotically tight results were obtained when $G$ is an even cycle by Adamski, Bednarska-Bzd\c{e}ga, and Bla\v{z}ej (SIAM J. Discrete Math., 2024). In this paper, we consider the case where $G$ is the claw $K_{1,3}$ and determine the exact value of $\tilde r(K_{1,3},C_\ell)$. We show that \[ \tilde r(K_{1,3},C_\ell)=\left\lfloor \frac{3(\ell+1)}{2} \right\rfloor \quad \text{for all } \ell \ge 13. \]