Feedback Effects on Cognitive Dynamics: Network-Based Insights from EEG Patterns and Behavioral Performance

TL;DR

This study investigates how feedback influences neural activity and performance during a social cognition test, revealing that feedback enhances higher frequency EEG connectivity and effective reasoning strategies.

Contribution

It introduces the application of network-based models (ENA and ONA) to EEG data, linking neural dynamics with behavioral outcomes under feedback conditions.

Findings

Feedback increases connectivity between Beta and Gamma bands during correct responses.

Absence of feedback activates lower frequency bands like Theta and Alpha.

Significant differences in neural network patterns between feedback and no-feedback conditions.

Abstract

This study examines the impact of feedback on Electroencephalography (EEG) activity and performance during the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. In a within-subject design, eleven participants completed the test under Feedback and No-Feedback conditions. Using the principles of Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) and Ordered Network Analysis (ONA), we extend these network-based models to explore the link between neural dynamics and task outcomes. ENA results showed that feedback is associated with stronger connections between higher frequency EEG bands (Beta and Gamma) and correct responses, while the absence of feedback activated lower frequency bands (Theta and Alpha). ONA further disclosed directional shifts toward higher frequency activity preceding correct answers in the Feedback condition, whereas the No-Feedback condition showed more self-connections in lower bands and a higher occurrence of wrong answers, suggesting less effective reasoning strategies without feedback. Both ENA and ONA revealed statistically significant differences between conditions (p = 0.01, Cohen's d > 2). This study highlights the methodological benefits of integrating EEG with ENA and ONA for network analysis, capturing both temporal and relational dynamics, as well as the practical insight that feedback can foster more effective reasoning processes and improve task performance.