Percolation and de-confinement in relativistic nuclear collisions

TL;DR

This study analyzes particle spectra in high-energy proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions using the Color String Percolation Model to explore the transition from strongly interacting QCD matter to a quark-gluon plasma.

Contribution

It applies the CSPM to extract temperature and energy density in various collision systems, revealing the QCD matter transition at high temperatures.

Findings

Sharp increase in /T at T  210 MeV

Approach to ideal quark-gluon gas at T  230 MeV

Evidence of transition from fluid to quasi-free quark-gluon plasma

Abstract

In the present work we have analyzed the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in high multiplicity $pp$ collisions at LHC energies $\sqrt s $ = 5.02 and 13 TeV using the Color String Percolation Model (CSPM). For heavy ions $Pb-Pb$ at $\sqrt {s_{NN}} $ = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV along with $Xe-Xe$ at $\sqrt {s_{NN}} $= 5.44 TeV have been analyzed. The initial temperature is extracted both in low and high multiplicity events in ${\it pp}$ collisions. For $A-A$ collisions the temperature is obtained as a function of centrality. From the measured energy density $ \varepsilon$ and the temperature T the dimensionless quantity $ \varepsilon/T^{4}$ is obtained. Our results for Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions show a sharp increase in $\varepsilon/T^{4}$ above T $\sim$ 210 MeV and reaching the ideal gas of quarks and gluons value of $ \varepsilon/T^{4} \sim$ 16 at temperature $\sim $ 230 MeV. At this temperature there is a transition from the fluid behavior of QCD matter strongly interacting to a quasi free gas of quarks and gluons.