inRAN: Interpretable Online Bayesian Learning for Network Automation in Open Radio Access Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces inRAN, an interpretable Bayesian learning framework for Open RAN network automation that ensures safe, adaptive control with high assurance and improved performance over existing blackbox methods.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel interpretable online Bayesian learning framework combining surrogate models, safe optimization, and dynamic tracking for Open RAN network control.

Findings

inRAN outperforms state-of-the-art methods in network slicing tasks

achieves 92.67% assurance ratio in constraint satisfaction

demonstrates effective adaptation to non-stationary network dynamics

Abstract

Emerging AI/ML techniques have been showing great potential in automating network control in open radio access networks (Open RAN). However, existing approaches heavily rely on blackbox policies parameterized by deep neural networks, which inherently lack interpretability, explainability, and transparency, and create substantial obstacles in practical network deployment. In this paper, we propose inRAN, a novel interpretable online Bayesian learning framework for network automation in Open RAN. The core idea is to integrate interpretable surrogate models and safe optimization solvers to continually optimize control actions, while adapting to non-stationary dynamics in real-world networks. We achieve the inRAN framework with three key components: 1) an interpretable surrogate model via ensembling Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs); 2) safe optimization solvers via integrating genetic search and trust-region descent method; 3) an online dynamics tracker via continual model learning and adaptive threshold offset. We implement inRAN in an end-to-end O-RAN-compliant network testbed, and conduct extensive over-the-air experiments with the focused use case of network slicing. The results show that, inRAN substantially outperforms state-of-the-art works, by guaranteeing the chance-based constraint with a 92.67% assurance ratio with comparative resource usage throughout the online network control, under unforeseeable time-evolving network dynamics.