A Combined Barrow Entropy and QCD Ghost Mechanism for Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration

TL;DR

This paper proposes a unified dark-energy model combining Barrow entropy corrections and QCD ghost effects, explaining late-time cosmic acceleration with a stable, thermodynamically consistent framework.

Contribution

It introduces a novel combined holographic dark-energy model incorporating Barrow entropy and QCD vacuum effects, analyzing its cosmological dynamics and stability.

Findings

Model exhibits smooth transition from matter domination to acceleration

Thermodynamic laws are satisfied throughout the evolution

Model parameters influence classical stability and cosmic behavior

Abstract

We investigate a unified dark-energy scenario based on the combined effects of Barrow entropy corrections and the QCD ghost mechanism, referred to as the BH--QCDGDE model. The dark-energy density is constructed in a generalized holographic form that incorporates both Barrow-deformed entropy corrections and low-energy QCD vacuum effects within a single framework. The cosmological dynamics are analyzed in a spatially flat Friedmann--Lema\^{\i}tre--Robertson--Walker background. The model exhibits a smooth transition from a decelerated matter-dominated era to a late-time accelerated phase without crossing the phantom divide, indicating a viable background evolution. An equivalent scalar-field description of the effective dark-energy sector is reconstructed and shown to admit a quintessence-like behavior. The thermodynamic viability is examined by testing the generalized second law at the apparent horizon, which is found to be satisfied throughout the parameter space. The classical stability of the model is further investigated through the squared speed of sound, revealing the role of model parameters in shaping stable cosmological regimes. Overall, the BH--QCDGDE framework provides a consistent and physically viable description of late-time cosmic acceleration.