Enhanced Open-Source NWDAF for Event-Driven Analytics in 5G Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces an open-source NWDAF framework integrated with Free5GC, enabling event-driven analytics and mobility prediction in 5G networks, with validated deployment and high accuracy in handover forecasting.

Contribution

It presents a comprehensive open-source NWDAF implementation supporting end-to-end event subscription, notification, and mobility analytics within a 5G core environment.

Findings

Achieved 80.65% accuracy in handover prediction.

Supported reliable UE registration and cross-cell handovers.

Validated system with four virtual gNBs and multiple UEs.

Abstract

The network data analytics function (NWDAF) has been introduced in the fifth-generation (5G) core standards to enable event-driven analytics and support intelligent network automation. However, existing implementations remain largely proprietary, and open-source alternatives lack comprehensive support for end-to-end event subscription and notification. In this paper, we present an open source NWDAF framework integrated into an existing Free5GC implementation, which serves as an open-source 5G core implementation. Our implementation extends the session management function to support standardized event exposure interfaces and introduces custom-built notification mechanisms into the SMF and the access and mobility management function for seamless data delivery. The NWDAF subscribes to events and generates analytics on user equipment (UE) behavior, session lifecycle, and handover dynamics. We validate our system through a two-week deployment involving four virtual next-generation NodeBs (gNBs) and multiple virtual UEs with dynamic mobility patterns. To demonstrate predictive capabilities, we incorporate a mobility-aware module that achieves 80.65\% accuracy in forecasting the next gNB handover cell. The framework supports reliable UE registration, state tracking, and cross-cell handovers.