On the Performance of Lossless Reciprocal MiLAC Architectures in Multi-User Networks

TL;DR

This paper investigates the performance of lossless reciprocal MiLAC architectures in multi-user MIMO networks, revealing limitations compared to digital beamforming and proposing optimization methods for improved sum-rate performance.

Contribution

It provides the first analysis of lossless reciprocal MiLAC in multi-user scenarios and develops an optimization framework for enhancing its sum-rate performance.

Findings

Lossless reciprocal MiLAC cannot match digital beamforming in general MU-MISO networks.

An optimization framework for power and scattering matrix improves MiLAC performance.

Numerical results confirm MiLAC's potential for large-scale MIMO systems.

Abstract

Microwave linear analog computer (MiLAC)-aided beamforming, which processes the transmitted symbols fully in the analog domain, has recently emerged as a promising alternative to fully digital and hybrid beamforming architectures for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. While prior studies have shown that lossless and reciprocal MiLAC can achieve the same capacity as digital beamforming in a single-user MIMO network, its performance in multi-user scenarios remains unknown. To answer this question, in this work, we establish a downlink multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) network with a MiLAC-aided transmitter, and investigate its sum-rate performance. Based on the microwave network theory, we first prove that lossless and reciprocal MiLAC cannot achieve the same performance as digital beamforming in a general MU-MISO network. Then, we formulate a sum-rate maximization problem and develop an efficient optimization framework to jointly optimize the power allocation and the scattering matrix for MiLAC. Numerical results validate our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that MiLAC is a promising architecture for future extremely large-scale MIMO systems.