Decoding Cygnus X-2: The Critical Role of Reflection in IXPE Data

TL;DR

This study re-analyzes IXPE data of Cygnus X-2, emphasizing the importance of reflection modeling in understanding X-ray polarization, and finds that a significant reflection component with ~20% polarization explains the observations.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive reflection spectrum fitting approach for IXPE data, highlighting the role of reflection in X-ray polarization analysis of Cygnus X-2.

Findings

Reflection contributes 10% of total flux in IXPE band.

Polarization degree of reflection component estimated at ~20%.

Full-band relativistic reflection modeling improves understanding of polarization data.

Abstract

We present a spectro-polarimetric re-analysis of the first IXPE observation of Cygnus X-2 which we determine to be mainly in the normal branch, from quasi-simultaneous observations with NuSTAR, NICER, and INTEGRAL. We measure the hard X-ray polarization angle and find it to be consistent with the previously measured position angle of the radio jet. Leveraging NuSTAR's detection of both the relativistic Fe K emission line and the Compton hump, we constrain the flux contribution of the reflected emission from the inner accretion disk to be 10% of the total X-ray flux in the IXPE energy band. Unlike previous studies that modeled only the Fe K emission line, we fit the full-band reflection spectrum using a fully relativistic disk model. There is strong degeneracy between the Comptonized and reflection components. Given that the Comptonized component is not expected to be highly polarized, a polarization degree of approximately 20% for the reflection component could explain the X-ray polarization data from IXPE. We also discuss the disk inclination angle inferred from our spectro-polarimetric modeling, as well as other possible explanations for the data.