Electric Penrose process in the spacetime of a quantum-corrected Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole

TL;DR

This paper investigates how quantum corrections to Reissner-Nordström black holes affect the electric Penrose process, revealing that quantum effects can hinder energy extraction and alter particle trajectories, offering potential observational signatures.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the electric Penrose process in quantum-corrected Reissner-Nordström black holes, highlighting the impact of quantum parameters on energy extraction and particle dynamics.

Findings

Quantum corrections slightly alter particle trajectories.

Quantum effects can prevent particles from escaping, unlike in classical cases.

High-energy fragments can escape even when initial particles cannot.

Abstract

In this paper, we study the electric Penrose energy extraction for charged particles in the spacetime of a covariant quantum-corrected Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole. We first derive the equations of motion and effective potential for charged particles around the black hole. Subsequently, we investigate the Penrose process for such particles, analyze how the generalized ergoregion boundary is influenced by the particle's charge, angular momentum, and the quantum parameter $\zeta$, and calculate the energy-extraction efficiency. We then investigate the subsequent motion of charged particles in the electric Penrose process, and rigorously prove that under specific simplified conditions, the resulting fragment particle can always carry more energy back to a distant observer--a conclusion applicable to a wide range of charged black hole models. Finally, we examine a special class of the electric Penrose process, wherein the initial particle cannot escape the black hole, but the high-energy fragment produced through splitting may still escape successfully. Moreover, it is observed that $\zeta$ slightly alters the particle trajectories, but under specific initial conditions, it can qualitatively change the outcome: a particle that escapes in the classical Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole spacetime may become trapped in the quantum-corrected one. These results demonstrate the obstructive effect of quantum corrections on the Penrose process and provide potential kinematic signatures to distinguish quantum-corrected from classical Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes.