Context-Aware Information Transfer via Digital Semantic Communication in UAV-Based Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces DSC-UAV, a novel semantic communication framework for UAV networks in smart cities, enhancing data relevance and transmission efficiency through context-aware encoding and reinforcement learning-based optimization.

Contribution

It proposes a comprehensive semantic communication model for UAVs that combines prompt-aware encoding, dynamic relaying, and mobility-optimized reinforcement learning, improving transmission quality and efficiency.

Findings

Up to 22% improvement in semantic-structural similarity.

14% reduction in Age of Information (AoI).

Enhanced stability and precision in resource allocation.

Abstract

In smart cities, bandwidth-constrained Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) often fail to relay mission-critical data in time, compromising real-time decision-making. This highlights the need for faster and more efficient transmission of only the most relevant information. To address this, we propose DSC-UAV model, leveraging a context-adaptive Digital Semantic Communication (DSC) framework. This model redefines aerial data transmission through three core components: prompt-aware encoding, dynamic UAV-enabled relaying, and user mobility-optimized reinforcement learning. Ground users transmit context-driven visual content. Images are encoded via Vision Transformer combined with a prompt-text encoder to generate semantic features based on the desired context (generic or object-specific). These features are then quantized and transmitted over a UAV network that dynamically relays the data. Joint trajectory and resource allocation are optimized using Truncated Quantile Critic (TQC)-aided reinforcement learning technique, which offers greater stability and precision over standard SAC and TD3 due to its resistance to overestimation bias. Simulations demonstrate significant performance improvement, up to 22% gain in semantic-structural similarity and 14% reduction in Age of Information (AoI) compared to digital and prior UAV-semantic communication baselines. By integrating mobility control with context-driven visual abstraction, DSC-UAV advances resilient, information-centric surveillance for next-generation UAV networks in bandwidth-constrained environments.