Cyberscurity Threats and Defense Mechanisms in IoT network

TL;DR

This survey analyzes IoT cybersecurity challenges, vulnerabilities, and defense strategies, highlighting AI, Blockchain, and ZTA approaches, and proposes a new five-layer IoT security model with future research directions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel five-layer IoT security model and synthesizes recent advances in AI, Blockchain, and ZTA for IoT defense mechanisms.

Findings

Identified critical threats like sensor vulnerabilities and DoS attacks.

Highlighted AI, Blockchain, and ZTA as effective defense strategies.

Proposed a new five-layer IoT security framework.

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, projected to exceed 30 billion interconnected devices by 2030, has significantly escalated the complexity of cybersecurity challenges. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of vulnerabilities, threats, and defense mechanisms, specifically focusing on the integration of network and application layers within real-time monitoring and decision-making systems. Employing an integrative review methodology, 59 scholarly articles published between 2009 and 2024 were selected from databases such as IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, utilizing keywords related to IoT vulnerabilities and security attacks. Key findings identify critical threat categories, including sensor vulnerabilities, Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, and public cloud insecurity. Conversely, the study highlights advanced defense approaches leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) for anomaly detection, Blockchain for decentralized trust, and Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) for continuous verification. This paper contributes a novel five-layer IoT model and outlines future research directions involving quantum computing and 6G networks to bolster IoT ecosystem resilience.