Temperature dependence of the spontaneous magnetization of Ni2MnGa and other ferromagnets. The superellipse equation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a superellipse equation model to describe the temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization in ferromagnets, enabling predictions across the entire temperature range from low-temperature measurements.

Contribution

The study presents a novel superellipse equation approach that simplifies and extends the measurement of magnetization behavior in ferromagnets across all temperatures.

Findings

Superellipse equation accurately models Ms(T) for Ni2MnGa and other ferromagnets.

The critical exponent parameter varies among different ferromagnetic materials.

The method allows estimation of magnetization near Tc from low-temperature data.

Abstract

The temperature dependence of the spontaneous magnetization of Ni2MnGa and other ferromagnets can be described in reduced coordinates by the superellipse equation using a single dimensionless parameter. This critical exponent parameter equals 2.4 for Ni2MnGa, 2.7 for nickel and cobalt, 3.0 for iron and 2.05 for gadolinium. Because reduced magnetization and reduced temperature enter the equation symmetrically, the Ms(T) dependence can be measured only in the low temperature range, from 0 to 0.5Tc. The magnetization curve from 0.5Tc to Tc can then be obtained by interchanging reduced magnetization and temperature in the superellipse equation. In this way, the experimentally challenging task of measuring spontaneous magnetization near Tc is avoided, as the behavior near Tc is effectively determined from measurements performed near T = 0. The Ms(T) dependence in a whole temperature range is fully determined by two parameters - the Curie temperature, Ts and the critical exponent, n.