Bethe subspaces and wonderful models for toric arrangements

TL;DR

This paper studies Bethe subspaces related to toric arrangements and their compactifications, revealing their geometric structure and connections to integrable models, with extensions to quantum cohomology conjectured for future work.

Contribution

It introduces a geometric framework for Bethe subspaces via wonderful models, extending their parameter space and linking to integrable systems and quantum cohomology.

Findings

Bethe subspaces form a vector bundle over the minimal wonderful model.

Extension of Bethe subspaces to the minimal wonderful model is faithful for classical types.

Connections established with Gaudin subalgebras and hypertoric varieties.

Abstract

We study the family of commutative subspaces in the trigonometric holonomy Lie algebra $t^{\mathrm{trig}}_{\Phi}$, introduced by Toledano Laredo, for an arbitrary root system $\Phi$. We call these subspaces \emph{Bethe subspaces} because they can be regarded as quadratic components of \emph{Bethe subalgebras} in the Yangian corresponding to the root system $\Phi$, that are responsible for integrals of the generalized XXX Heisenberg spin chain. Bethe subspaces are naturally parametrized by the complement of the corresponding toric arrangement . We prove that this family extends regularly to the minimal wonderful model $X_{\Phi}$ of the toric arrangement described by De Concini and Gaiffi, thus giving a compactification of the parameter space for Bethe subspaces. For classical types $A_n, B_n, C_n, D_n$, we show that this extension is faithful. As a special case, when $\Phi$ is of type $A_n$, our construction agrees with the main result of Aguirre--Felder--Veselov on the closure of the set of quadratic Gaudin subalgebras. Our work is also closely related to, and refines in this root system setting, a parallel compactification result of J. Peters obtained for more general toric arrangements arising from quantum multiplication on hypertoric varieties. Next, we show that the Bethe subspaces assemble into a vector bundle over $X_{\Phi}$, which we identify with the logarithmic tangent bundle of $X_{\Phi}$. Finally, we formulate conjectures extending these results to the setting of Bethe subalgebras in Yangians and to the quantum cohomology rings of Springer resolutions. We plan to address this in our next papers.