Inteligencia artificial y empleo en Espa\~na: una aproximaci\'on territorial y de g\'enero a la exposici\'on laboral

TL;DR

This paper develops a framework to assess how artificial intelligence impacts employment across different regions and genders in Spain, revealing structural patterns and gender disparities in AI exposure.

Contribution

It introduces a novel methodological approach using sector data and an AI incidence matrix to evaluate AI's territorial and gender-specific employment exposure in Spain.

Findings

Higher AI exposure in metropolitan and service regions.

Consistent gender gap with females more exposed.

Framework supports policy and strategic planning.

Abstract

The diffusion of artificial intelligence, particularly generative models, is expected to transform labor markets in uneven ways across sectors, territories, and social groups. This paper proposes a methodological framework to estimate the potential exposure of employment to AI using sector based data, addressing the limitations of occupation centered approaches in the Spanish context. By constructing an AI CNAE incidence matrix and applying it to provincial employment data for the period 2021 to 2023, we provide a territorial and gender disaggregated assessment of AI exposure across Spain. The results reveal stable structural patterns, with higher exposure in metropolitan and service oriented regions and a consistent gender gap, as female employment exhibits higher exposure in all territories. Rather than predicting job displacement, the framework offers a structural perspective on where AI is most likely to reshape work and skill demands, supporting evidence based policy and strategic planning.