Vacuum Decay around Black Holes formed from Collapse

TL;DR

This paper investigates how black holes formed from collapse influence vacuum decay, finding that black holes weakly catalyze decay with suppression depending on black hole mass, approaching flat-space results as mass vanishes.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of vacuum decay near collapsing black holes, including boundary conditions and the dependence of decay suppression on black hole mass.

Findings

Vacuum decay is weakly catalyzed by black holes.

Suppression exponent has a minimum at finite black-hole mass.

In the zero-mass limit, results recover flat-space decay suppression.

Abstract

We re-examine the problem of vacuum decay in the presence of spherically symmetric black holes. Within the semiclassical approximation, we study configurations describing a bubble of true vacuum propagating outside a black hole formed from gravitational collapse. We find that the saddle point is dominated by a single energy state and that the dependence on the initial conditions in the stellar interior vanishes exponentially fast at late stages of the collapse. Prescriptions are given for implementing the corresponding boundary conditions in the eternal black-hole geometry. We find that vacuum decay can only be weakly catalyzed by the black hole, as the suppression exponent attains a minimum at a finite black-hole mass. In the limit of vanishing black-hole mass, the suppression smoothly approaches the flat-space result.