Generalised Entanglement Entropies from Unit-Invariant Singular Value Decomposition

TL;DR

This paper introduces scale-invariant generalizations of entanglement entropy using Unit-Invariant Singular Value Decomposition, applicable to various quantum and mathematical frameworks, providing stable and meaningful entropic measures.

Contribution

It develops UISVD-based entropies that are invariant under scale transformations, extending entanglement measures to non-Hermitian, rectangular, and diverse quantum systems.

Findings

UISVD entropies are invariant under scale transformations.

These measures are applicable to non-Hermitian and rectangular operators.

UISVD-based entropies produce stable, physically meaningful spectra.

Abstract

We introduce generalisations of von Neumann entanglement entropy that are invariant with respect to certain scale transformations. These constructions are based on the Unit-Invariant Singular Value Decomposition (UISVD) in its left-, right-, and bi-invariant incarnations, which are variations of the standard Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) that remain invariant under the corresponding class of diagonal transformations. These measures are naturally defined for non-Hermitian or rectangular operators and remain useful when the input and output spaces possess different dimensions or metric weights. We apply the UISVD entropy and discuss its advantages in the physically interesting framework of Biorthogonal Quantum Mechanics, whose important aspect is indeed the behaviour under scale transformations. Further, we illustrate features of UISVD-based entropies in other well-known setups, from simple quantum mechanical bipartite states to random matrices relevant to quantum chaos and holography, and in the context of Chern-Simons theory. In all cases, the UISVD yields stable, physically meaningful entropic spectra that are invariant under rescalings and normalisations.