Multiplexed vector beam conversion via complex structured matter

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel framework for designing structured matter that can handle multiple input-output relations simultaneously, enabling advanced multiplexing in optical systems using topological properties like Stokes skyrmions.

Contribution

The authors propose a general design approach for passive devices capable of multiplexing multiple optical inputs and outputs simultaneously, expanding beyond traditional single-function designs.

Findings

Demonstrated a retarder-diattenuator-retarder cascade that achieves three arbitrary input-output relations

Enabled simultaneous time-division and wavelength-division multiplexing in a single passive device

Paved the way for high-dimensional on-chip photonic computing using topological optical states

Abstract

Structured light, in which the amplitude, phase, and polarization of an optical field are deliberately tailored in space and time, has enabled unprecedented control over optical fields, paving the way for diverse applications across photonics and optical engineering. However, the prevailing design philosophy, which predominantly focuses on converting a single fixed input into a single desired output, relies on tunability to achieve time-division multiplexing rather than intrinsic design, and is fundamentally incompatible with wavelength-division multiplexing. Here, we propose a general framework for designing structured matter capable of achieving multiple input-output relations simultaneously, thereby enabling passive devices to realize both time-division and wavelength-division multiplexing. Using Stokes skyrmions, which have recently gained attention for their topological properties and promising applications in modern optical communication and computing, as an example, we demonstrate that a simple retarder-diattenuator-retarder cascade can be designed to simultaneously satisfy three arbitrary input-output relations, enabling diverse functionalities within a single passive element. This approach enables complex and multiplexed manipulation of topological numbers, paving the way for high-dimensional on-chip photonic computing based on optical skyrmions.