Beyond Beam Sweeping: One-Shot Satellite Acquisition with Doppler-Aware Rainbow Beamforming
Juha Park, Ian P. Roberts, and Wonjae Shin

TL;DR
This paper introduces a novel one-shot satellite acquisition method using rainbow beamforming that exploits Doppler and beam-squint effects, significantly reducing acquisition time and improving accuracy over traditional beam sweeping.
Contribution
It presents a closed-form rainbow beamformer and Doppler-aware angle estimation algorithms, enabling simultaneous satellite acquisition without beam sweeping.
Findings
Outperforms conventional methods in accuracy and speed
Exploits angle-dependent Doppler shifts for full coverage
Achieves satellite acquisition with a single pilot transmission
Abstract
High-gain beamforming (BF) is essential for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications to overcome severe path loss, but this requires acquiring precise satellite positions. Conventional satellite acquisition typically relies on time-domain beam sweeping, which incurs substantial overhead and latency. In this correspondence, we propose an efficient one-shot satellite acquisition framework that capitalizes on two phenomena traditionally regarded as impairments: i) Doppler effects and ii) beam-squint effects. Specifically, we derive a closed-form \emph{rainbow beamformer} that leverages beam-squint effects to align frequency-dependent beam directions with satellite positions inferred from their Doppler shifts. This approach enables reception from multiple satellites at once without requiring beam sweeping. To extract satellite position information, we develop three Doppler-aware angle…
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Taxonomy
TopicsSatellite Communication Systems · GNSS positioning and interference · Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
