Towards an understanding of dipole-dipole interactions in nonlocal media

TL;DR

This paper investigates how nonlocal media like salt solutions influence atom-atom interactions, revealing new temperature-dependent contributions to resonance energy and implications for biological molecule formation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel understanding of resonance interactions in nonlocal media, highlighting temperature effects and the emergence of new distance-dependent terms.

Findings

A new contribution to resonance energy proportional to e^{- ho}/ ho in salt solutions.

At zero temperature, a 1/ρ^4 term appears, similar to free space.

At finite temperature, electrolyte dampens long-range interactions, affecting molecular formation.

Abstract

We commence our study with review of dispersion interactions in electrolytes. We then reflect on how background media change atom-atom excited-state systems. To highlight the impact of nonlocal media, such as salt solutions, we predict that a new contribution to the resonance interaction energy emerges in a form $\propto e^{-\kappa_{\rm D} \rho}/\rho$. Here $\kappa_{\rm D}$ is the Debye length and $\rho$ is the distance between the atoms. This contribution vanishes at zero temperature, where a new term proportional to $1/\rho^4$ (similar to free space) occurs. This new term is dampened by the electrolyte at large distances, causing it to decrease much faster, proportional to $1/\rho^7$. The long-range electrolyte-induced resonance interaction at finite temperature may, in addition to the dominating van der Waals attraction (which goes as $1/\rho^6$), take part in the molecular formation of biological fluids.