BitRL-Light: 1-bit LLM Agents with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Energy-Efficient Smart Home Lighting Optimization

TL;DR

BitRL-Light introduces a 1-bit quantized LLM-based reinforcement learning framework for energy-efficient, real-time smart home lighting control on edge devices, achieving significant energy savings and user satisfaction.

Contribution

This work pioneers the integration of 1-bit quantized LLMs with reinforcement learning for resource-constrained IoT home automation, demonstrating practical deployment and efficiency.

Findings

71.4x energy reduction with 1-bit Llama-3.2-1B on Raspberry Pi

32% energy savings over rule-based systems

Inference latency under 200ms with 95% user satisfaction

Abstract

Smart home lighting systems consume 15-20% of residential energy but lack adaptive intelligence to optimize for user comfort and energy efficiency simultaneously. We present BitRL-Light, a novel framework combining 1-bit quantized Large Language Models (LLMs) with Deep Q-Network (DQN) reinforcement learning for real-time smart home lighting control on edge devices. Our approach deploys a 1-bit quantized Llama-3.2-1B model on Raspberry Pi hardware, achieving 71.4 times energy reduction compared to full-precision models while maintaining intelligent control capabilities. Through multi-objective reinforcement learning, BitRL-Light learns optimal lighting policies from user feedback, balancing energy consumption, comfort, and circadian alignment. Experimental results demonstrate 32% energy savings compared to rule-based systems, with inference latency under 200ms on Raspberry Pi 4 and 95% user satisfaction. The system processes natural language commands via Google Home/IFTTT integration and learns from implicit feedback through manual overrides. Our comparative analysis shows 1-bit models achieve 5.07 times speedup over 2-bit alternatives on ARM processors while maintaining 92% task accuracy. This work establishes a practical framework for deploying adaptive AI on resource-constrained IoT devices, enabling intelligent home automation without cloud dependencies.