An Arithmetic Topology viewpoint on Descent theory and Equivariant Categories

TL;DR

This paper develops a unified group-theoretic framework linking arithmetic and topological invariants, enabling new insights into descent theory, equivariant categories, and their applications in algebraic geometry and topology.

Contribution

It introduces a novel topological analogue of Weil's descent theorem and connects classical descent notions to equivariant categories, unifying arithmetic and topological perspectives.

Findings

Established a topological analogue of Weil's Descent Theorem.

Unified arithmetic and topological invariants via group actions.

Demonstrated categorical equivalences in equivariant derived categories.

Abstract

We establish a unified group-theoretic framework bridging the arithmetic homotopy exact sequence of a variety and the Birman exact sequence of a surface. Within this framework, we reinterpret classical arithmetic notions - such as the descent of varieties and of covers - and construct their topological analogues. We formalize the parallel setting between closed subgroups of the absolute Galois group and subgroups of the Mapping Class Group of a base space and their actions on fundamental groups. This provides an analogy between arithmetic and topological invariants, allowing us to define the groups of moduli, definition, and invariance in both settings. Using this unified perspective, some purely group-theoretic proofs provide results in both settings simultaneously. Applications include a topological analogue of Weil's Descent Theorem for mapping class groups and an adaptation of D\'ebes and Douai's cohomological obstructions regarding descent of algebraic covers to the topological setting. Finally, we elevate these results to the categorical level. We demonstrate that the classical Weil cocycle condition is equivalent to the existence of a linearization in the language of equivariant categories. Applying this perspective to the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves $\mathsf{D^b}(X)$, we show that the equivariant derived category $\mathsf{D^b}(X)^G$, under the action induced by a Weil descent datum, recovers the derived category of the descended variety.