The Nobel Prize in physics and the contribution of Ukrainian scientists to the understanding of quantum phenomena, in particular the behavior of macroscopic systems (The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics)

TL;DR

This paper discusses the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded for discoveries in macroscopic quantum phenomena, emphasizing the Ukrainian scientists' pioneering contributions to understanding quantum behavior in large systems and their impact on future quantum technologies.

Contribution

It highlights the role of Ukrainian researchers in pioneering studies of macroscopic quantum systems, connecting their work to recent Nobel-winning discoveries.

Findings

Discovery of macroscopic quantum tunnelling and energy quantisation in electric circuits

Ukrainian scientists' pioneering results in low-temperature physics and quantum systems

Implications for quantum cryptography, computing, and sensing

Abstract

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 has been awarded to John Clarke, John Martinis, and Michel Devoret for "the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit". Their achievements open up possibilities for developing the next generation of quantum technologies, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors. This article explains physical grounds of these discoveries and describes the role of earlier studies of weak superconductivity and macroscopic quantum systems by other scientists, highlighting the contribution of researchers from the B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, who obtained pioneering results in this field. The paper includes short biographies of the Nobel laureates.