Quantum information scrambling in strongly disordered Rydberg spin systems

TL;DR

This paper investigates how information spreads in strongly disordered quantum spin systems with power-law interactions, revealing significant differences from nearest-neighbor systems and proposing an experimental method to measure this behavior.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed numerical and experimental framework for studying information scrambling in power-law interacting disordered spin systems.

Findings

OTOCs show different spreading patterns in power-law vs. nearest-neighbor systems

Short-range power-law interactions can mimic nearest-neighbor dynamics

Proposed experimental protocol for measuring OTOCs in Rydberg systems

Abstract

Despite the fact that power-law interactions occur in a plethora of physical systems, their many-body dynamics is far less understood than that of nearest-neighbor interacting systems. Here, we study information scrambling in strongly disordered spin systems with power-law interactions via out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs). Numerically, we find pronounced differences in the dynamical spreading of OTOCs between nearest-neighbor and power-law interacting systems. This deviation persists even for short-range interactions, opposing the common view that these interactions produce dynamics equivalent to the nearest-neighbor case. In a detailed experimental proposal, tailored but not limited to Rydberg tweezer setups, we present a protocol to extract OTOCs in XXZ Heisenberg spin systems with tunable anisotropy and programmable disorder based on currently available techniques.