Automated Fault Detection in 5G Core Networks Using Large Language Models

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that fine-tuning large language models like GPT-4.1 on network logs can significantly improve automated fault detection in 5G core networks, enabling more reliable and cost-effective network management.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach of applying LLMs to automate fault detection in complex telecommunication networks, with a custom dataset and fine-tuning methodology.

Findings

Fine-tuned GPT-4.1 outperforms base model in fault detection accuracy.

Dataset includes diverse fault types and network component logs.

LLM-based fault detection can enable operator-free network management.

Abstract

With the rapid growth of data volume in modern telecommunication networks and the continuous expansion of their scale, maintaining high reliability has become a critical requirement. These networks support a wide range of applications and services, including highly sensitive and mission-critical ones, which demand rapid and accurate detection and resolution of network errors. Traditional fault-diagnosis methods are no longer efficient for such complex environments.\cite{b1} In this study, we leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate network fault detection and classification. Various types of network errors were intentionally injected into a Kubernetes-based test network, and data were collected under both healthy and faulty conditions. The dataset includes logs from different network components (pods), along with complementary data such as system descriptions, events, Round Trip Time (RTT) tests, and pod status information. The dataset covers common fault types such as pod failure, pod kill, network delay, network loss, and disk I/O failures. We fine-tuned the GPT-4.1 nano model via its API on this dataset, resulting in a significant improvement in fault-detection accuracy compared to the base model. These findings highlight the potential of LLM-based approaches for achieving closed-loop, and operator-free fault management, which can enhance network reliability and reduce downtime-related operational costs for service providers.