Towards Reliable Connectivity: Measurement-Driven Assessment of Starlink and OneWeb Non-Terrestrial and 5G Terrestrial Networks

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the performance of Starlink, OneWeb, and terrestrial networks across urban, suburban, and forest environments, demonstrating that multi-connectivity improves coverage and reliability.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive measurement-driven assessment of non-terrestrial and terrestrial networks, highlighting the benefits of their integration for enhanced connectivity.

Findings

Outage probability drops from 12-21% to 2% with combined networks in urban areas.

Joint KPI analysis shows improved coverage and reliability when integrating satellite and terrestrial systems.

Multi-connectivity techniques significantly enhance network robustness across different environments.

Abstract

The emergence of commercial satellite communications networks, such as Starlink and OneWeb, has significantly transformed the communications landscape over the last years. As a complement to terrestrial cellular networks, non-terrestrial systems enable coverage extension and reliability enhancement beyond the limits of conventional infrastructure. Currently, the high reliance on terrestrial networks exposes communications to vulnerabilities in the event of terrestrial infrastructure failures, e.g., due to natural disasters. Therefore, this work proposes the joint evaluation of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for two non-terrestrial satellite networks (Starlink and OneWeb) and two terrestrial cellular networks to assess the current performance of these technologies across three different environments: (i) urban, (ii) suburban, and (iii) forest scenarios. Additionally, multi-connectivity techniques are explored to determine the benefits in connectivity when two technologies are used simultaneously. For instance, the outage probability of Starlink and OneWeb in urban areas is reduced from approximately 12-21% to 2% when both solutions are employed together. Finally, the joint analysis of KPIs in both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks demonstrates that their integration enhances coverage, improves performance, and increases reliability, highlighting the benefits of combining satellite and terrestrial systems in the analyzed environments.