Primordial axisymmetric compact objects in General Relativity

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel solution-generating technique in General Relativity to model dynamical, axisymmetric black holes in expanding or contracting cosmological backgrounds, advancing the understanding of primordial compact objects.

Contribution

The work presents the first exact non-stationary axisymmetric solution describing a black hole in a cosmological setting and develops new tools for analyzing such dynamical objects.

Findings

First exact solution of a dynamical axisymmetric black hole in cosmology.

Introduction of the mean curvature vector for horizon analysis beyond spherical symmetry.

New methods to explore primordial black holes in cosmological contexts.

Abstract

The search for exact solutions describing asymptotically FLRW compact objects in General Relativity (GR) remains a notoriously challenging problem. To a large extent, progress has been restricted to the spherically symmetric sector, with the exception of the Kerr-de Sitter and Thakhurta solutions. In this work, we present two new results that advance the description of axisymmetric compact objects embedded in a cosmological background. We first introduce a new solution-generating technique allowing one to construct non-stationary and axisymmetric solutions of the self-interacting Einstein-Scalar system. Using this method, we present the first exact solution which describes a dynamical axisymmetric black (or white) hole embedded in an expanding or contracting cosmology. We provide a detailed investigation of its properties, and in particular its dynamical trapping (or anti-trapping) horizons. To that end, we use the mean curvature vector (MCV) which stands as a natural generalization of the Kodama vector beyond spherical symmetry. The norm of this vector provides a foliation-independent quantity to locate the trapped/anti-trapped and untrapped regions and characterize the causal nature of a given geometry without specific symmetry requirement. The solution-generating method and the techniques to analyze the new solutions provide new powerful tools to further explore the description and the phenomenology of dynamical compact objects embedded in cosmology, in particular those of primordial black holes.