EchoTrail-GUI: Building Actionable Memory for GUI Agents via Critic-Guided Self-Exploration

TL;DR

EchoTrail-GUI introduces a memory-augmented framework for GUI agents that autonomously learns from past successes to improve performance and generalization in GUI tasks.

Contribution

The paper presents a fully automated, three-stage framework enabling GUI agents to build, retrieve, and utilize structured memories for enhanced task performance.

Findings

Significant improvement in task success rates on Android benchmarks.

Automated knowledge base construction without human supervision.

Enhanced robustness and efficiency of GUI agents through structured memory.

Abstract

Contemporary GUI agents, while increasingly capable due to advances in Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs), often operate with a critical limitation: they treat each task in isolation, lacking a mechanism to systematically learn from past successes. This digital ''amnesia'' results in sub-optimal performance, repeated errors, and poor generalization to novel challenges. To bridge this gap, we introduce EchoTrail-GUI, a novel framework designed to mimic human-like experiential learning by equipping agents with a dynamic, accessible memory. Our framework operates in three distinct stages. First, during Experience Exploration, an agent autonomously interacts with GUI environments to build a curated database of successful task trajectories, validated by a reward model. Crucially, the entire knowledge base construction is thus fully automated, requiring no human supervision. Second, in the Memory Injection stage, upon receiving a new task, our system efficiently retrieves the most relevant past trajectories to serve as actionable ''memories''. Finally, during GUI Task Inference, these memories are injected as in-context guidance to inform the agent's reasoning and decision-making process. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on benchmarks including Android World and AndroidLab. The results show that EchoTrail-GUI significantly improves the task success rate and operational efficiency of baseline agents, validating the power of structured memory in creating more robust and intelligent GUI automation.