Collective behavior in the nonreciprocal multi-species Vicsek model

TL;DR

This paper explores a multi-species Vicsek model with nonreciprocal interactions, revealing a complex phase diagram with chiral, separated, coexistence, and disordered phases driven by symmetry and phase shift effects.

Contribution

It introduces a novel nonreciprocal multi-species Vicsek model with Potts symmetry, deriving continuum equations and analyzing the emergence of chirality and species separation.

Findings

Identification of four distinct phases including chiral and separated states

Derivation of Boltzmann and hydrodynamic equations for the system

Analytic explanation of chirality and species separation emergence

Abstract

We investigate collective behavior in a $Q$-species Vicsek model with a nonreciprocal velocity alignment interaction. This system is characterized by a constant phase shift $\alpha$ in the inter-species velocity alignment rule. While the phase shift renders the interaction nonreciprocal, the system is globally invariant under any permutations of particle species, possessing Potts symmetry. The combination of Potts symmetry and nonreciprocity gives rise to a rich phase diagram. The nonreciprocal phase shift generates either counter-clockwise or clockwise chirality. Potts symmetry can be broken spontaneously. Consequently, the system exhibits four distinct phases: A species-mixed chiral phase where particles perform counter-clockwise chiral motion with quasi-long-range order, a species separation phase where Potts symmetry is broken and species-separated particles form vortex cells with clockwise chirality, a coexistence phase, and a disordered phase. We derive a Boltzmann equation and a hydrodynamic equation describing the system in the continuum limit, and present analytic arguments for the emergence of chirality and species separation.