Achieving angular-momentum conservation with physics-informed neural networks in computational relativistic spin hydrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper introduces physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to simulate relativistic spin hydrodynamics, accurately conserving total angular momentum and demonstrating spin-orbit conversion phenomena in rotating fluids.

Contribution

The study develops a PINNs framework that enforces angular momentum conservation and models spin-orbit conversion in relativistic fluids, a novel approach in computational relativistic spin hydrodynamics.

Findings

PINNs accurately conserve total angular momentum during simulations.

Demonstrated spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in rotating fluids.

Provided the first numerical evidence of spin-orbit conversion in nonlinear relativistic spin hydrodynamics.

Abstract

We propose physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) as a numerical solver for relativistic spin hydrodynamics and demonstrate that the total angular momentum, i.e., the sum of orbital and spin angular momentum, is accurately conserved throughout the fluid evolution by imposing the conservation law directly in the loss function as a training target. This enables controlled numerical studies of the mutual conversion between spin and orbital angular momentum, a central feature of relativistic spin hydrodynamics driven by the rotational viscous effect. We present two physical scenarios with a rotating fluid confined in a cylindrical container: one case in which initial orbital angular momentum is converted into spin angular momentum in analogy with the Barnett effect, and the opposite case in which initial spin angular momentum is converted into orbital angular momentum in analogy with the Einstein-de Haas effect. We investigate these conversion processes governed by the rotational viscous effect by analyzing the spacetime profiles of thermal vorticity and spin potential. Our PINNs-based framework provides the first numerical evidence for spin-orbit angular momentum conversion with fully nonlinear computational relativistic spin hydrodynamics.