Two-lepton tales: Dalitz decays of heavy quarkonia

TL;DR

This paper analyzes Dalitz decays of heavy quarkonia, establishing relations between different transitions, predicting unobserved decay rates, and exploring potential signals of new light vector mediators.

Contribution

It introduces systematic relations based on heavy-quark symmetries, enabling precise predictions of decay modes and rates, including potential new physics effects.

Findings

Determined transition form factors for charmonium decays.

Predicted branching fractions for unobserved bottomonium Dalitz decays.

Assessed sensitivity to hypothetical light vector mediators.

Abstract

We study the Dalitz decays of heavy quarkonia, which result from the internal virtual photon conversion into an $\ell^+ \ell^-$ lepton pair. Heavy-quark symmetries allow us to establish systematic relations between transitions of different quarkonium states, and to precisely determine the branching fractions for several charmonium and bottomonium decay modes. For charmonium, existing data on $\chi_{cJ}(1P)\to J/\psi \ell^+ \ell^-$ and $\psi(2S)\to \chi_{cJ}(1P) \ell^+ \ell^-$ enable us to determine the parameters of the transition form factors and to predict the rates of yet-unobserved modes. The Dalitz transitions of $\chi_{c1}(3872)$ are important, as they can help assessing the structure of this meson. For bottomonium, recent LHCb measurements allow us to predict the branching fractions of $\chi_{bJ}(nP)\to \Upsilon(1S)\ell^+ \ell^-$ and $h_b(nP)\to \eta_b(1S) \ell^+ \ell^-$ ($n=1,\,2)$. We also investigate the sensitivity of heavy quarkonia Dalitz modes to the contribution of a new light vector mediator, such as the putative $X(17)$.