Simulating vacuum birefringence with a diffractive beam propagation code

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel simulation framework that integrates quantum vacuum signal predictions with a diffractive beam propagation code, enabling realistic modeling of vacuum birefringence experiments involving laser beam collisions.

Contribution

It presents the first implementation of a quantum vacuum signal emission module within a diffractive beam propagation toolkit for optical experiment modeling.

Findings

Successfully integrated quantum vacuum signal predictions with beam propagation simulations.

Enabled realistic modeling of optical effects like diffraction and absorption on quantum vacuum signals.

Facilitated more accurate experimental design and analysis for vacuum birefringence detection.

Abstract

Ninety years after their prediction, quantum vacuum nonlinearities in macroscopic electromagnetic fields still await a direct experimental verification in the laboratory. A particularly promising route towards their first measurement is the collision of counter-propagating laser beams in a pump-probe type experiment. Here, the key challenge is to separate the small quantum vacuum signal at the oscillation frequency of the probe that is mainly emitted in the vicinity of its forward cone from the large probe background. While quantitatively accurate predictions of the associated quantum vacuum signals are available, to date there is no framework that combines these predictions with a diffractive beam propagation code. Such codes are designed to holistically model optical experiments and can reliably account for diffraction and absorption losses of optical devices, like lenses and apertures. The latter inevitably influence and modify both the induced signal and background components prior to their detection in experiment. The present work addresses this topical issue and reports on the first implementation of a quantum vacuum signals emission module in an established diffractive beam propagation toolkit designed for the realistic modelling of optical experiments.