Verifiability-First Agents: Provable Observability and Lightweight Audit Agents for Controlling Autonomous LLM Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a verifiability-first architecture for autonomous LLM agents, combining cryptographic attestations, lightweight audit agents, and challenge protocols to improve controllability and detect misalignment swiftly.

Contribution

It proposes a novel architecture integrating cryptographic and symbolic attestations, lightweight verification agents, and a new benchmark suite for measuring detection and resilience of misalignment.

Findings

Enhanced detection speed of misalignment behaviors

Improved resilience against adversarial prompt injections

Benchmark suite OPERA effectively measures verifiability performance

Abstract

As LLM-based agents grow more autonomous and multi-modal, ensuring they remain controllable, auditable, and faithful to deployer intent becomes critical. Prior benchmarks measured the propensity for misaligned behavior and showed that agent personalities and tool access significantly influence misalignment. Building on these insights, we propose a Verifiability-First architecture that (1) integrates run-time attestations of agent actions using cryptographic and symbolic methods, (2) embeds lightweight Audit Agents that continuously verify intent versus behavior using constrained reasoning, and (3) enforces challenge-response attestation protocols for high-risk operations. We introduce OPERA (Observability, Provable Execution, Red-team, Attestation), a benchmark suite and evaluation protocol designed to measure (i) detectability of misalignment, (ii) time to detection under stealthy strategies, and (iii) resilience of verifiability mechanisms to adversarial prompt and persona injection. Our approach shifts the evaluation focus from how likely misalignment is to how quickly and reliably misalignment can be detected and remediated.