An Extension of Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Arbitrary Channel Input Distributions

TL;DR

This paper extends enumerative sphere shaping (ESS) to generate arbitrary channel input distributions, enabling its application to a wider range of channels beyond Gaussian-like distributions, and demonstrates improved transmission rates in optical communication simulations.

Contribution

The paper introduces a generalized ESS algorithm that produces arbitrary discrete input distributions by replacing fixed weights with distribution-dependent weights.

Findings

Generalized ESS achieves higher transmission rates than CCDM.

Simulation shows a 0.0425 bit/symbol rate improvement.

Applicable to non-Gaussian channels like optical links.

Abstract

A non-uniform channel input distribution is key for achieving the capacity of arbitrary channels. However, message bits are generally assumed to follow a uniform distribution which must first be transformed to a non-uniform distribution by using a distribution matching algorithm. One such algorithm is enumerative sphere shaping (ESS). Compared to algorithms such as constant composition distribution matching (CCDM), ESS can utilize more channel input symbol sequences, allowing it to achieve a comparably low rate loss. However, the distribution of channel input symbols produced by ESS is fixed, restricting the utility of ESS to channels with Gaussian-like capacity-achieving input distributions. In this paper, we generalize ESS to produce arbitrary discrete channel input distributions, making it usable on most channels. Crucially, our generalization replaces fixed weights used internally by ESS with weights depending on the desired channel input distribution. We present numerical simulations using generalized ESS with probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) to transmit sequences of 256 symbols over a simplified model of an unamplified coherent optical link, a channel with a distinctly non-Gaussian capacity-achieving input distribution. In these simulations, we found that generalized ESS improves the maximum transmission rate by 0.0425 bit/symbol at a frame error rate below 10^{-4} compared to CCDM.