Finite-Time Protocols Stabilize Charging in Noisy Ising Quantum Batteries

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that finite-time charging protocols in noisy Ising quantum batteries can stabilize energy storage and that noise effects depend critically on the excitation strength of the charging protocol.

Contribution

It introduces the role of finite-time ramps in stabilizing quantum battery charging and analyzes how noise impacts different excitation protocols.

Findings

Finite-time ramps stabilize charging in noisy quantum batteries.

Weakly exciting protocols gain energy but lose extractable work under noise.

Strongly exciting protocols reduce stored energy but improve efficiency in noisy conditions.

Abstract

Reliable charging protocols are crucial for advancing quantum batteries toward practical use. We investigate a transverse-field Ising chain as a quantum battery, focusing on the combined role of qubit interactions in the battery model and finite charging time. This interplay yields smoother and more controllable charging compared to sudden protocols or non-interacting batteries. Introducing stochastic noise reveals a strong dependence on the charging trajectory. Protocols that weakly excite the system gain energy under noise but lose extractable work. In contrast, protocols that strongly excite many modes show the opposite trend: noise reduces stored energy yet improves efficiency, defined as the ratio of ergotropy to stored energy. These findings demonstrate that finite-time ramps stabilize charging and highlight that noise can either hinder or enhance quantum-battery performance depending on the protocol.