Cooperative Rotatable IRSs for Wireless Communications: Joint Beamforming and Orientation Optimization

TL;DR

This paper explores the use of rotatable intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) in wireless communications, optimizing their orientation and beamforming to significantly improve signal quality under various channel conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a joint optimization framework for IRS orientation and beamforming, including a closed-form solution for 2D IRS rotation and an efficient AO-PSO algorithm for general channels.

Findings

IRS rotation significantly outperforms fixed schemes

Double rotatable IRSs outperform single IRS with enough elements

Proposed algorithms effectively enhance received SNR

Abstract

Rotatable intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) introduce a new degree of freedom (DoF) for shaping wireless propagation by adaptively adjusting the orientation of IRSs. This paper considers an angle-dependent reflection model in a wireless communication system aided by two rotatable IRSs. Specifically, we study the joint design of the base station transmit beamforming, as well as the cooperative passive beamforming and orientation of the two IRSs, to maximize the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Under the light-of-sight (LoS) channels, we first develop a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based method to determine the IRS rotation and derive an optimal rotation in a closed-form expression for a two-dimensional IRS deployment. Then, we extend the design to the general Rician fading channels by proposing an efficient alternating optimization and PSO (AO-PSO) algorithm. Numerical results validate the substantial gains achieved by the IRS rotation over fixed-IRS schemes and also demonstrate the superior performance of the double rotatable IRSs over a single rotatable IRS given a sufficient total number of IRS elements.