On infinitesimal deformations of singular varieties II

TL;DR

This paper investigates the deformation theory of affine cones over polarized projective varieties, providing a streamlined proof of key isomorphisms, computing examples, and establishing a practical rigidity criterion based on cohomological vanishings.

Contribution

It offers a simplified proof of the deformation space isomorphism for possibly singular varieties, computes examples illustrating various phenomena, and introduces a practical rigidity criterion.

Findings

Derived a streamlined proof for the deformation space isomorphism.

Computed graded deformation spaces for various examples.

Established a rigidity criterion based on vanishing cohomology.

Abstract

The deformation theory of affine cones over polarized projective varieties, initiated by Pinkham and further developed by Schlessinger and Wahl, is central to the study of singularities and graded deformation functors. For a projective variety \(Y\) with ample line bundle \(\mathcal L\), the affine cone \(C(Y)\) carries a natural \(\mathbb Z\)-grading, and Pinkham's classical result identifies the graded pieces of its first-order deformation space: \[ T^{1}(C(Y))_m \,\cong\, H^{1}\!\left(Y,\,T_Y \otimes \mathcal L^{\otimes m}\right). \] This expresses that deformations of \(C(Y)\) come from weighted deformations of \((Y,\mathcal L)\), with negative weights corresponding to smoothings and nonnegative weights to embedded deformations. % We give a streamlined proof of this isomorphism for possibly singular \(Y\), using reflexive differentials and \(\mathbb G_m\)-equivariant deformations of the punctured cone. We then compute graded deformation spaces for several examples, illustrating phenomena from smoothability to rigidity. As an application, we obtain a practical rigidity criterion: if \( H^1(Y,\,T_Y \otimes \mathcal L^{\otimes m})=0 \text{ for all } m\in\mathbb Z, \) then \(C(Y)\) is rigid. We exhibit explicit polarized varieties satisfying these vanishings, producing new rigid affine cones.