The interactions between two drops floating on a partially miscible liquid pool

TL;DR

This study explores how two floating oil drops on a partially miscible liquid surface interact, revealing behaviors like attraction, repulsion, coalescence, and rebound driven by Marangoni flows and the Cheerios effect, supported by a scaling theory.

Contribution

It introduces a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of drop interactions on a liquid surface with Marangoni effects and identifies the conditions leading to different behaviors.

Findings

Identified three behaviors: Repel, Coalesce, Rebound.

Developed a scaling theory for force competition.

Discovered lubrication layer prevents coalescence.

Abstract

The interaction of drops floating on liquid surfaces is important for many natural processes and industrial applications. In many of the cases, the system is multicomponent, leading to Marangoni flows on the surface. Here we investigate the competing effect of the attractive ``Cheerios effect'' and the repulsive solutal Marangoni flow by observing the behaviors of two identical oil drops floating on partially miscible pool made of ethanol-water mixtures. Three typical behaviors are found: Repel, Coalesce and Rebound, in which the drops repel each other, attract each other and then coalesce, and attract and rebound upon contact. A scaling theory based on the two competing forces is developed to distinguish the repulsive and attractive behaviors of the drops. For the transition from Coalesce to Rebound, a lubrication layer is found to form when the immersed lower halves of the drops are more than half a sphere, which prevents the drops from coalescing.