Quantum-enhanced biosensing enables earlier detection of bacterial growth

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a quantum-enhanced biosensing method using squeezed light to detect bacterial growth earlier than classical sensors, improving sensitivity and reducing detection time in biological diagnostics.

Contribution

First experimental use of quantum-enhanced photometric measurement with squeezed light for early bacterial detection, surpassing shot-noise limits in sensitivity.

Findings

Achieved up to 30 minutes earlier detection of bacterial growth.

Validated noise reduction through statistical modeling and hypothesis testing.

Demonstrated potential for real-time, non-invasive biological diagnostics.

Abstract

Rapid detection of bacterial growth is crucial in clinical, food safety, and environmental contexts, yet conventional optical methods are limited by noise and require hours of incubation. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of a quantum-enhanced photometric measurement for early bacterial detection using squeezed light. By monitoring the optical absorbance of an Escherichia coli culture with a quantum probe, we achieve a sensitivity beyond the shot-noise limit, enabling identification of growth onset up to 30 minutes earlier than with a classical sensor. The noise reduction is validated through statistical modeling with a truncated Gaussian distribution and hypothesis testing, confirming earlier detection with low false-alarm rates. This work illustrates how quantum resources can improve real-time, non-invasive diagnostics. Our results pave the way for quantum-enhanced biosensors that accelerate detection of microbial growth and other biological processes without increasing photodamage.