Design optimization of hadronic calorimeters for future colliders

TL;DR

This paper presents a systematic approach to optimize the design of hadronic calorimeters for future colliders, focusing on absorber layer thickness to improve energy resolution based on simulation analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a methodology for calorimeter design optimization using Geant4 simulations, considering the trade-offs between sampling fluctuations and non-uniformities.

Findings

Optimal absorber layer thickness improves energy resolution.

Design trade-offs affect the stochastic and constant terms of resolution.

A framework for evaluating multiple calorimeter designs is proposed.

Abstract

Calorimeters are a crucial component in modern particle detectors. They are responsible for providing accurate energy measurements of particles produced in high-energy collisions. The demanding requirements set for next-generation collider experiments impose new challenges on the design of new detectors, and a systematic approach to their optimization is increasingly necessary. The performance of calorimeters is primarily characterized by their energy resolution, parameterized by a stochastic and a constant term, related to sampling fluctuations and non-uniformities respectively. To improve the reconstruction quality of physics objects in the calorimeter, both terms need to be taken into account. Changes in a longitudinally constrained design usually result in a trade-off between these terms, making optimization a non-trivial task. This work focuses on the optimization of a hadronic sampling calorimeter, based on the FCC-ee ALLEGRO detector concept. By controlling the absorber layer thickness in a Geant4 simulation, the impact of the passive to active material proportion on the deposited energy distribution and resolution can be analyzed. Our methodology aims at exploring the design space with practical considerations, paving the way for the development of a closed optimization framework that can evaluate multiple designs against physics performance targets.