Thermochemical and elemental characterization of aromatic seed residues for solid biofuel applications in a circular economy context

TL;DR

This paper evaluates aromatic seed residues as potential solid biofuels by analyzing their thermochemical and elemental properties, supporting circular economy goals through renewable energy and waste reduction.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive assessment of aromatic seed residues' suitability for biofuel production, filling a knowledge gap in biomass valorization.

Findings

Residues meet industrial fuel quality standards.

Potential for bio-oil and biochar production identified.

Residues are viable for solid biofuel applications.

Abstract

This study investigates the energy valorization potential of 16 aromatic seed residues (ASW), a by-product generated after essential oil extraction from Mediterranean aromatic and medicinal plants. Driven by the increasing demand for natural bioactive ingredients and the expansion of aromatic crop production, large amounts of residual biomass remain underutilized. Their incorporation into thermochemical conversion routes aligns with circular economy strategies, offering opportunities for renewable energy generation, waste minimization, and the development of value-added bioenergy products. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive thermochemical, elemental, and structural assessment of ASW to determine their suitability for solid biofuel production (pellets, briquettes), pyrolysis for bio-oil generation, and biochar applications. The samples were analyzed under standardized ISO methodologies to ensure comparability and adherence to industrial fuel quality requirements.