NetQMPI: An MPI-Inspired library for programming Distributed Quantum Applications over Quantum Networks using NetQASM SDK

TL;DR

NetQMPI is a high-level Python library that simplifies programming distributed quantum applications by adapting MPI standards to quantum networks, automating resource management, and enabling scalable, backend-agnostic quantum computing.

Contribution

It introduces NetQMPI, a novel MPI-inspired framework that abstracts quantum network complexities and provides new primitives for distributed quantum programming over NetQASM SDK.

Findings

Reduces code complexity for GHZ state generation from O(N^2) to O(1)

Enables seamless execution on simulators and future quantum hardware

Decouples algorithm logic from network size

Abstract

Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) is essential for scaling quantum algorithms beyond the limitations of monolithic NISQ devices. However, the current software ecosystem forces developers to manually orchestrate low-level network resources, such as entanglement generation (EPR pairs) and classical synchronization, leading to verbose, error-prone, and non-scalable code. This paper introduces \textbf{NetQMPI}, a high-level Python framework that adapts the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard to the quantum domain using the Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) paradigm. Built as a middleware over the NetQASM SDK, NetQMPI abstracts the underlying physical topology, automating network initialization and resource management through a unified Communicator interface. We propose semantic point-to-point primitives and novel collective operations--such as expose and unexpose--that address the constraints of the No-Cloning Theorem by leveraging multipartite entanglement for data distribution. Our comparative analysis demonstrates that NetQMPI decouples algorithmic logic from network size, reducing the code complexity for generating an $N$-node GHZ state from $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ to constant complexity $\mathcal{O}(1)$. Furthermore, the framework ensures backend agnosticism, enabling the seamless execution of high-level applications on rigorous physical simulators, such as NetSquid (via SquidASM), and future quantum hardware adhering to the NetQASM standard.