An Open Benchmark of One Million High-Fidelity Cislunar Trajectories

TL;DR

This paper introduces a large, high-fidelity open dataset of one million cislunar trajectories, enabling advanced research in space situational awareness, navigation, and machine learning for cislunar space operations.

Contribution

It provides the first large-scale, open, high-fidelity cislunar trajectory dataset with detailed metadata, facilitating method development and comparative studies in the domain.

Findings

Empirically observed stability trends in cislunar orbits.

Persistence of certain co-orbital classes like L4/L5 librators.

Identification of a stability band near 5 GEO.

Abstract

Cislunar space spans from geosynchronous altitudes to beyond the Moon and will underpin future exploration, science, and security operations. We describe and release an open dataset of one million numerically propagated cislunar trajectories generated with the open-source Space Situational Awareness Python package (SSAPy). The model includes high-degree Earth/Moon gravity, solar gravity, and Earth/Sun radiation pressure; other planetary gravities are omitted by design for computational efficiency. Initial conditions uniformly sample commonly used osculating-element ranges, and each trajectory is propagated for up to six years under a single, fixed start epoch. The dataset is intended as a reusable benchmark for method development (e.g., space domain awareness, navigation, and machine learning pipelines), a reference library for statistical studies of orbit families, and a starting point for community-driven extensions (e.g., alternative epochs). We report empirically observed stability trends (e.g., a band near 5 GEO and persistence of some co-orbital classes including L4/L5 librators) as dataset descriptors rather than new dynamical results. The chief contribution is the scale, fidelity, organization (CSV/HDF5 with full state time series and metadata), and open availability, which together lower the barrier to comparative and data-driven studies in the cislunar regime.